One of the greatest mysteries in life:
What is a Credit Score?
Three major Bureaus (and a handful of secondary ones) keep separate files of your reported Credit transactions for the past 7 to 10 years, or even longer, depending on the item. Most Items have 7 year life span.
Companies who subscribe to a particular Bureau pay to have an item report on a file, and a lender who looks at your file pays a fee to do so.
Though you may be married, from a Credit File standpoint, each person is an individual. Each Spouse has a Separate Credit File & Score, loans can be obtained in either Spouses Name, or both together. If one spouse has a lower Score, it drops the combined score in a Joint application.
Every item type (Mortgage, Installment, Revolving, Collection, Public Record) is assigned a point value that drops as it ages. An item 6 days old impacts your score much more than the same item type from 6 years ago. Positive, well paid items raise your score, while negative items drop your score in a hurry. We once saw a new $72 collection drop a score 80 points in a month.
While most derogatory items are essentially static, collections tend to be re-sold every few years, and thus re-reported, (the old unpaid collection reports as well as the new one) dropping your score even more.
Although the exact formula is top-secret, it works something like this: 850 (maximum score) minus points for the bad items in your file, then points are added back in for the positive things in your file. You end up with a score somewhere between 350 and 850, the higher the better. Someone with a score of 720 and above is considered to have less than a 5% chance of default on a new loan. The lower the Score, the default rate increases, as the risk of loss goes up .. so do the interest rate and payment.
Though people mention their Credit Score, there are actually many Scores. There are three Bureaus, each of them offer specific scoring formulas for the Mortgage, Auto, Insurance, and Credit Card Industries. Then, each Bureau offers a "personal score", which is usually higher than any of the Commercially used Scores, and available from any Bureau without lowering your score with an inquiry.